fotoğrafçılık terimleri - photography terms

Aperture = The opening in the lens through which light passes. It's measured in f-stops, with lower f-numbers indicating larger openings and higher f-numbers indicating smaller openings.

Aperture Blades = The blades within a lens that control the size of the aperture opening, affecting depth of field and bokeh.

Aperture Priority Mode (A/Av) = A shooting mode where the photographer sets the desired aperture, and the camera automatically adjusts the shutter speed for proper exposure.

APS-C Sensor = A smaller sensor size than full-frame, commonly used in many DSLR and mirrorless cameras.

Aspect Ratio = The proportional relationship between the width and height of an image, such as 3 =2, 4 =3, or 16 =9.

Astrophotography = A genre focused on capturing images of celestial objects and phenomena, such as stars, planets, and galaxies.

Asymmetry = A compositional technique where elements are not evenly balanced, creating tension and interest in the image.

Auto Mode = A camera setting that automatically adjusts exposure settings based on the scene.

Autofocus = A camera feature that automatically adjusts the lens focus to ensure sharp images.

Background = The area of a scene or image that appears farthest from the viewer, providing context or atmosphere.

Backlighting = Lighting from behind the subject, often creating a silhouette or highlighting edges.

Blue Hour = The period of twilight before sunrise and after sunset when the sky has a deep blue hue, often used for atmospheric images.

Bokeh = The aesthetic quality of the out-of-focus areas in an image, often characterized by smooth, blurry backgrounds and pleasing highlight shapes.

Bracketing = A technique where multiple shots of the same scene are captured with varying exposure settings, often used for HDR photography or ensuring correct exposure.

Bulb Mode = A shutter speed setting that allows the shutter to remain open as long as the shutter button is held down, useful for long exposures.

Burst Mode = A shooting mode that captures a series of images in rapid succession with a single press of the shutter button.

Catchlight = A highlight or reflection in a subject's eyes, often created by natural or artificial light sources, enhancing the eyes' appearance and adding depth.

Chromatic Aberration = An optical phenomenon where colors appear fringed or distorted at the edges of objects in a photograph, often corrected in post-processing.

Clipping = The loss of detail in shadows or highlights, resulting in areas of pure black or white without detail.

Color Space = A specific range of colors that can be represented in an image, such as sRGB, Adobe RGB, or ProPhoto RGB.

Color Temperature = A measure of the color of light, usually expressed in Kelvin (K). It describes whether light sources emit warmer (reddish) or cooler (bluish) tones.

Composition = The arrangement of elements within a photograph, including framing, balance, and perspective.

Continuous AF = An autofocus mode that continuously adjusts focus to track moving subjects.

Depth of Field = The range of distance in a photograph where objects appear acceptably sharp. A shallow depth of field has a small area in focus, while a wide depth of field has more of the scene in focus.

Diffuser = A material or device that softens light, reducing harsh shadows and creating a more even illumination.

Distortion = An optical effect where straight lines appear curved or distorted, often associated with wide-angle or fisheye lenses.

DNG (Digital Negative) = Adobe's digital image format for raw files, offering a standardized format for raw images.

DPI (Dots Per Inch) = A measure of image resolution, indicating the number of dots that can be placed in a line within one inch when printing.

DSLR (Digital Single-Lens Reflex) = A digital camera that uses a mirror and optical viewfinder system, offering versatility and interchangeable lenses.

Dynamic Range = The range of light levels from the darkest shadows to the brightest highlights that a camera can capture or display.

EVF (Electronic Viewfinder) = A viewfinder that uses an electronic display to preview the image, common in mirrorless cameras.

Exposure = The amount of light reaching the camera sensor, determined by the combination of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO settings.

Exposure Bracketing = Capturing multiple shots of the same scene with varying exposure settings for HDR or creative purposes.

Exposure Compensation = A camera setting that allows photographers to adjust the exposure settings determined by the camera's metering system, typically in increments of +/- stops.

Exposure Triangle = The relationship between aperture, shutter speed, and ISO in determining the exposure of an image.

Fill Flash = Additional lighting used to fill in shadows and balance exposure in a scene, often achieved using a flashgun or external flash.

Fill Light = Additional light used to illuminate shadows and reduce contrast in a scene.

Firmware = Software embedded in the camera that controls its operation, settings, and functionality, occasionally updated by manufacturers.

Fisheye Lens = An ultra-wide-angle lens that produces a distorted, spherical image, offering a unique perspective and field of view.

Flash = A device that emits a burst of light to illuminate a scene or subject.

Flash Photography = The use of artificial light sources, such as a flashgun or strobe, to illuminate a scene or subject.

Flash Sync Speed = The fastest shutter speed at which the entire camera sensor is exposed at the same time the flash is triggered, preventing partial exposure.

Fluorescent = A type of lighting that can produce various color temperatures, often requiring adjustments to white balance.

Fluorescent Light = A type of lighting that can produce various color temperatures, often requiring adjustments to white balance to correct color casts.

Focal Length = The distance between the lens and the camera sensor when an object is in focus.

Focus = The point in an image that appears sharpest, determined by the lens and camera settings.

Focus Point = The specific area or point within a scene where the camera lens focuses.

Focus Ring = The part of a lens that rotates to adjust focus manually.

Focus Stacking = A technique where multiple images are captured at different focus distances and combined in post-processing to create an image with a wider depth of field.

Foreground = The part of a scene or image that appears closest to the viewer, often used to create depth.

Foreground, Midground, Background = The different layers or planes within a photograph that contribute to depth and composition.

Frame = The borders or edges of the image area seen through the viewfinder or on the screen.

Frame within a Frame = A compositional technique where elements within the scene create a natural frame around the main subject, adding depth and focus.

Full-Frame Sensor = A sensor that is the same size as a traditional 35mm film frame, offering superior image quality and low-light performance.

Gels = Colored filters placed over lights to change the color temperature or add creative effects to a scene.

Golden Hour = The period shortly after sunrise and before sunset, characterized by soft, warm light ideal for photography.

Golden Ratio = A compositional principle similar to the rule of thirds but uses a specific mathematical ratio (approximately 1 =1.618). It's believed to create more aesthetically pleasing and balanced compositions.

Graduated Neutral Density Filter = A filter that reduces the exposure of part of an image, commonly used to balance the exposure between a bright sky and darker foreground in landscape photography.

Hard Light = Direct, intense light that produces sharp shadows and high contrast.

HDR (High Dynamic Range) = A technique that combines multiple exposures of the same scene to capture a wider range of light levels, from shadows to highlights.

High ISO = A higher sensitivity setting on the camera sensor, useful in low-light conditions but may introduce noise or grain.

High-Key Lighting = A lighting technique characterized by bright, even illumination with minimal shadows, often used for a cheerful or upbeat mood.

High-Key Photography = A lighting technique characterized by bright, even illumination with minimal shadows, often associated with a cheerful or upbeat mood.

Highlight Warning = A feature on cameras that displays overexposed areas in an image, often shown as flashing highlights on the LCD screen.

High-Speed Sync (HSS) = A flash synchronization technique that allows photographers to use flash at shutter speeds higher than the camera's native sync speed.

Histogram = A graphical representation of the distribution of tones in an image, helping to determine exposure levels.

Hyperfocal Distance = The closest distance at which a lens can be focused while keeping objects at infinity acceptably sharp, often used in landscape photography to maximize depth of field.

Image Sensor = The part of the camera that captures light to create a digital image, available in various sizes such as full-frame, APS-C, and micro four-thirds.

Image Stabilization = A technology or feature that reduces blur caused by camera shake, allowing for sharper images.

Incandescent Light = A type of lighting that emits a warm, yellowish color temperature, often found in household bulbs.

Incident Light = Light that falls directly onto the subject, measured using an incident light meter to determine proper exposure.

ISO = A camera setting that controls the sensor's sensitivity to light. Higher ISO settings increase sensitivity, allowing for faster shutter speeds in low-light conditions but may introduce noise.

JPEG = A compressed image file format commonly used in digital photography.

JPEG File Format = A compressed image file format commonly used in digital photography, with reduced file size compared to RAW.

JPEG Format = A compressed image file format commonly used in digital photography. JPEG files are smaller in size but may lose some image quality due to compression.

JPG = A file format for digital images that uses lossy compression to reduce file size.

Landscape Photography = A genre focused on capturing natural scenery, often emphasizing wide vistas and dramatic lighting.

Leading Lines = Lines within a photograph that lead the viewer's eye to a specific focal point or subject, often enhancing composition and visual flow.

LED = Light Emitting Diode; a type of lighting source that is becoming popular in both photography and videography due to its energy efficiency and adjustable color temperature.

Lens = The part of the camera that focuses light onto the camera sensor.

Lens Distortion = An optical effect where straight lines appear curved or distorted, often associated with wide-angle or fisheye lenses.

Lens Flare = Unwanted artifacts or reflections caused by light hitting the front element of the lens, often appearing as streaks or spots in the image.

Lens Hood = A device attached to the front of a lens to prevent unwanted light from entering, reducing lens flare and improving contrast.

Light Meter = A device or built-in camera feature that measures the amount of light in a scene to determine optimal exposure settings.

Long Exposure = A photographic technique where the camera's shutter is left open for an extended period, capturing motion blur or creating light trails.

Low ISO = A lower sensitivity setting on the camera sensor, ideal for bright conditions to minimize noise and maintain image quality.

Low-Key Lighting = A lighting technique characterized by dark tones and dramatic shadows, often used for moody or mysterious effects.

Low-Key Photography = A lighting technique characterized by dark tones and dramatic shadows, often used for moody or atmospheric effects.

Macro = Photography focusing on extreme close-ups of small subjects, revealing intricate details.

Macro Lens = A lens designed for close-up photography, allowing photographers to capture small subjects at a 1 =1 ratio or greater.

Macro Lens = A lens designed for close-up photography, capturing fine details of small subjects.

Macro Photography = A genre focused on capturing extreme close-ups of small subjects, revealing intricate details.

Manual Focus = A focusing method where the photographer adjusts the lens focus ring to achieve sharpness.

Manual Mode = A camera shooting mode where the photographer manually adjusts both the aperture and shutter speed for complete control over exposure.

Metering = The camera's method of measuring light to determine the correct exposure settings. Common metering modes include evaluative, center-weighted, and spot metering.

Midground = The area between the foreground and background in a scene, contributing to the composition and depth.

Mirror Lock-Up = A feature in DSLR cameras that locks the mirror in an upward position to reduce vibrations and improve image sharpness.

Mirrorless Camera = A digital camera without a mirror mechanism, allowing for a more compact design and electronic viewfinder.

Negative Space = The empty or unoccupied areas in a photograph that surround the main subject, often used to create emphasis and focus.

Neutral Density Filter = A filter that reduces the amount of light entering the lens, allowing for longer exposures or larger apertures in bright conditions.

Noise = Grainy artifacts or speckles in a photograph, often caused by high ISO settings, poor lighting conditions, or image compression.

Off-Camera Flash = A flash unit that is not attached directly to the camera, allowing for creative lighting setups and angles.

Overexposure = When too much light reaches the camera sensor, resulting in a bright or washed-out image with lost details.

OVF (Optical Viewfinder) = A viewfinder that uses optical elements to preview the scene directly through the lens, common in DSLR cameras.

Panning = A technique where the camera follows a moving subject horizontally, resulting in a sharp subject against a blurred background.

Panorama = A wide-angle view or representation of a scene, often created by stitching multiple images together horizontally or vertically.

Polarizing Filter = A filter that reduces reflections and glare from surfaces such as water or glass, enhances color saturation, and improves contrast in outdoor photography.

Portrait Photography = A genre focused on capturing individuals or groups, emphasizing facial expressions, and personality.

Prime Lens = A lens with a fixed focal length, meaning it does not zoom. Prime lenses often offer wider apertures and sharper image quality compared to zoom lenses.

RAW = A file format that captures all image data recorded by the sensor when shooting, offering more flexibility for post-processing.

RAW File Format = A file format that captures all image data recorded by the sensor, providing greater flexibility for post-processing.

RAW Format = A file format that captures all the data from the camera sensor without processing, offering greater flexibility for post-processing and adjustments.

Reflected Light = Light that bounces off surfaces or objects before reaching the subject, influencing the scene's overall brightness and contrast.

Reflector = A tool used to bounce light onto a subject, reducing shadows and highlighting details.

Resolution = The number of pixels in an image, commonly measured in megapixels in digital photography.

Rule of Thirds = A compositional guideline where an image is divided into nine equal parts using two horizontal and two vertical lines. Important elements in the scene are placed along these lines or their intersections.

Rule of Thirds = A compositional guideline where an image is divided into nine equal parts, with important elements placed along these lines or intersections.

Shallow Depth of Field = A narrow range in which objects appear sharply focused, often used to isolate subjects from the background.

Shutter Button = The button on the camera that, when pressed, triggers the shutter to capture an image.

Shutter Priority Mode (S/Tv) = A shooting mode where the photographer sets the desired shutter speed, and the camera adjusts the aperture for proper exposure.

Shutter Speed = The duration for which the camera's shutter remains open, allowing light to hit the sensor. Measured in fractions of a second.

Silhouette = A photograph where the subject appears as a dark shape against a brighter background, typically achieved by backlighting.

Single Point AF = An autofocus mode where the camera focuses on a single selected point within the frame.

Soft Light = Diffused, gentle light that produces smooth transitions between highlights and shadows.

Softbox = A device used to diffuse and soften the light from a flash or continuous light source, reducing harsh shadows and creating a more flattering light.

Standard Lens = A lens with a focal length close to that of the human eye, often around 50mm.

Street Photography = A genre focused on capturing candid moments and scenes in public spaces, often documenting everyday life.

Symmetry = A compositional element where a scene is divided into two equal parts, creating balance and harmony in the image.

Telephoto = A lens with a longer focal length, magnifying distant subjects.

Telephoto Lens = A lens with a longer focal length than standard or wide-angle lenses, used for capturing distant subjects.

Time-Lapse = A photographic technique where a series of images are captured at set intervals and played back as a fast-paced video, showing changes over time.

Tripod = A three-legged stand used to stabilize the camera and reduce blur.

TTL (Through The Lens) Metering = A metering system where the camera measures light levels through the lens, providing accurate exposure readings based on the camera's settings.

Tungsten = A type of lighting commonly used indoors, producing a warm, yellowish color temperature.

Umbrella = A lighting modifier that diffuses and spreads light from a flash or continuous light source, often used to create soft, even illumination.

Underexposure = When insufficient light reaches the camera sensor, resulting in a dark image with lost details in shadows.

UV Filter = A clear filter attached to the front of a lens to protect it from dust, scratches, and damage, while also reducing ultraviolet light.

Viewfinder = The optical or electronic component of the camera that allows photographers to frame and compose a shot.

Viewpoint = The position or angle from which a photograph is taken, affecting perspective and composition.

Vignetting = A reduction in brightness or saturation at the edges of an image, often used for artistic emphasis or to draw attention to the center.

White Balance = A camera setting that adjusts the color temperature of an image to compensate for different lighting conditions, ensuring accurate color reproduction.

Wide Angle = A lens with a shorter focal length, capturing a broader view of a scene.

Wide Depth of Field = A large range in which objects appear sharply focused, commonly used in landscape photography.

Wide-Angle Lens = A lens with a shorter focal length than standard lenses, used for capturing broader scenes or fitting more into the frame.

Zoom = Adjusting the focal length of a lens to make subjects appear closer or farther away.

Zoom Lens = A lens with a variable focal length, allowing photographers to change the magnification without changing lenses.